New edition of Atlas of Urban Expansion planned

     The Atlas of Urban Expansion, a critical online resource for data and images tracking global urbanization, will be updated and expanded in a new 2015 edition to reflect the scope of large and fast-growing metropolitan areas around the world.
     At the World Urban Forum in Medellin last month, leaders from the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (U.N. Habitat), the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, and the NYU Stern Urbanization Project signed an agreement to support the research leading to the online publication on their respective websites of the Atlas of Urban Expansion: The 2015 Edition.
     The signing ceremony was attended by Eduardo Moreno, head of the Research and Capacity Building Section at U.N. Habitat, Gregory K. Ingram, the president of the Lincoln Institute, and Paul Romer, the director of the NYU Stern Urbanization Project and the Marron Institute. The work on the Atlas will be supervised by NYU’s Shlomo Angel, and will be executed by a team at the University of Connecticut, headed by Daniel Civco.
     The mapping of global urbanization in the 21^st century is of critical importance in what has been described as the urban century. Today over half the world’s population lives in cities; in the coming decades, two-thirds of the global population will be in cities – six billion people out of a projected total of nine billion. The growth will occur predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. In many cases, the fast-growing cities of the developing world are inadequately prepared to accommodate this rapid growth. The UN estimates that approximately one billion people already live in informal settlement in substandard conditions, and that two-thirds of rural migrants moving into cities in sub-Saharan Africa are moving directly to informal settlements, or slums.
     Keeping track of urban expansion is thus a critical component of informing policy and assisting cities in planning for the future. The Atlas of Urban Expansion 2015 Edition will contain maps and metrics describing the expansion of a new global sample of 200 cities, an increase from the 120 cities originally studied. The sample represents five percent of the universe of all cities in the world that had populations of 100,000 or more in the year 2010; it is a stratified sample, containing cities in eight world regions, in four population size classes, and in three categories of countries, based on the number of cities in the country.
     The new Atlas will be made available in the same format at the earlier Atlas of Urban Expansion published by the Lincoln Institute in 2012. The online resource, as well as a book, Atlas of Urban Expansion, were companions to the book Planet of Cities, authored by Solly Angel while he was a visiting fellow at the Lincoln Institute. The research also formed the basis for the Lincoln Institute Policy Focus Report, Making Room for a Planet of Cities, co-authored by Angel, Alejandro M. Blei, Daniel Civco, and Jason Parent.
     As in the first edition, the new Atlas will be based on the classification and mapping of Landsat satellite imagery in combination with census-based population data for the administrative districts comprising the built-up areas of cities. It will contain maps and metrics for each of the 200 cities in the sample for the three time periods, 1990, 2000, and 2010.  Metrics will include the extent of built-up areas for each city, the population of the city, the average density of its built-up area, the increase in the city area brought about by the inclusion of the open spaces in and around its built-up area, and the extent to which the city is compact—its footprint resembling a circle.
     While the focus of the Atlas is on the quantitative aspect of urban expansion, future phases of a broader initiative, Monitoring Global Urban Expansion, will focus on quality, including such measures as walkability, arterial grids, open space, affordable housing, and the provision of basic services such as water and sewer.
     Without evidence that the expansion areas are accessible to jobs or whether land and housing in expansion areas are affordable, which establishes a relationship between public preparation for urban expansion and the quality of the built environment, urban policymakers will continue to act without an empirical basis for their decisions. Future phases of the initiative involve the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery of the expansion areas of all the cities in the sample, and engaging people on the ground in each of the cities in the sample. These phases are currently in a pilot stage, being tested in four cities: Addis Ababa and Mekele in Ethiopia and Bogotá and Valledupar in Colombia.
     The Atlas of Urban Expansion: The 2015 Edition is expected to be completed and available online in the spring of 2015.
     The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy is a leading resource for key issues concerning the use, regulation, and taxation of land. The NYU Stern Urbanization Project harnesses the growth of cities to speed up global progress, through two primary initiatives: Urban Expansion and Charter Cities. The Urban Expansion initiative, led by Shlomo Angel, works with cities to make room for their rapid growth. The Charter Cities initiative, led by Paul Romer, focuses on the potential for startup cities to fast track reform.

Comments

[Lilly Sedaghat]

This research is critical and must be placed in the hands of City Planning Commissions, City Planning Departments and City Councils in all global cities expecting population expansions. Research must be made readily available to the policymakers making the short-term and ineluctably, long-term decisions of city planning.